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1 mineral
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2 wealth
[welth] n 1. pasuri; mineral wealth of a country pasuri minerale të një vendi. 2. bollëk (idesh, fjalësh)● wealth tax [welth tæks] n. Br. taksë rnbi pasuritë* * *pasuri; bollëk -
3 mineral
1. adjectivemineralisch; Mineral[salz, -quelle]2. noun1) Mineral, das* * *['minərəl](a substance (metals, gems, coal, salt etc) found naturally in the earth and mined: What minerals are mined in that country?; ( also adjective) mineral ores.) das Mineral- academic.ru/47043/mineral_water">mineral water* * *min·er·al[ˈmɪnərəl]I. nvitamins and \minerals Vitamine und Mineralien\mineral deposits Erzlagerstätten pl\mineral resources Bodenschätze pl\mineral deficiency Mineralstoffmangel m* * *['mInərəl]1. nMineral nt2. adjmineralisch* * *mineral [ˈmınərəl]A s1. CHEM, MED, MINER Mineral n2. anorganisches Naturprodukt3. MINER Erz n4. besonders pl Br Mineralwasser n5. Br Limonade fB adj mineralisch, Mineral…* * *1. adjectivemineralisch; Mineral[salz, -quelle]2. noun1) Mineral, das* * *n.Mineral -e n. -
4 wealth
nбогатство, изобилие; ценности- comprehensive use of natural wealth
- comprehensive utilization of natural wealth
- conspicuous wealth amid great poverty
- cultural wealth
- distribution of material wealth
- effective use of natural wealth
- immaterial wealth
- material wealth
- mineral wealth
- national wealth
- natural wealth
- overall wealth
- personal wealth
- public wealth
- spiritual wealth
- tangible wealth
- the wealth of the country is in the hands of a few
- wasteful exploitation of natural wealth -
5 wealth
сущ.1) эк. богатство, состояние (стоимость активов, принадлежащих лицу или группе лиц)to accumulate [acquire, amass, attain wealth\] — накапливать состояние
to dissipate [squander\] wealth — расточать [проматывать\] состояние
His wealth is estimated at fifty million dollars. — Его состояние оценивается в пятьдесят миллионов долларов.
See:organizational wealth, consumer wealth, material wealth, immaterial wealth, human wealth, initial wealth, individual wealth, marketable wealth, non-marketable wealth, wealth tax, stock variable2) общ. благосостояние, процветание; изобилиеSee:3) эк. материальные ценности, богатстваthe natural wealth of a country — природные богатства [ресурсы\] страны
Syn:See:* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
6 wealth
welƟ1) (riches: He is a man of great wealth.) fortuna, riqueza2) (a great quantity (of): a wealth of information.) abundancia•- wealthywealth n riquezatr[welɵ]1 (riches) riqueza2 figurative use abundancia, profusión nombre femeninowealth ['wɛlɵ] n1) riches: riqueza f2) profusion: abundancia f, profusión fn.• abundancia s.f.• caudal s.m.• fortuna s.f.• guita s.f.• haber s.m.• parné s.m.• patrimonio s.m.• poderío s.m.• riqueza s.f.welθmass noun1)a) (money, possessions) riqueza f, riquezas fpl (liter)b) ( Econ) riqueza f2) ( large quantity)[welθ]a wealth of something — abundancia f de algo
1. N1) (lit) riqueza f2) (fig) (=abundance) abundancia f (of de)the report provides a wealth of detail/new information — el informe contiene una abundancia de detalles/de información nueva
2.CPDwealth tax N — impuesto m sobre el patrimonio
* * *[welθ]mass noun1)a) (money, possessions) riqueza f, riquezas fpl (liter)b) ( Econ) riqueza f2) ( large quantity)a wealth of something — abundancia f de algo
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7 معدني
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8 metallic
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9 resource
nounfinancial/mineral resources — Geldmittel Pl./Bodenschätze Pl.
3) (expedient) Ausweg, derbe left to one's own resources — sich (Dat.) selbst überlassen sein; see also academic.ru/74792/throw">throw 1. 2)
* * *[rə'zo:s, ]( American[) 'ri:zo:rs]1) ((usually in plural) something that gives help, support etc when needed; a supply; a means: We have used up all our resources; We haven't the resources at this school for teaching handicapped children.) Mittel(pl.)2) ((usually in plural) the wealth of a country, or the supply of materials etc which bring this wealth: This country is rich in natural resources.) die Reichtümer(pl.)3) (the ability to find ways of solving difficulties: He is full of resource.) die Findigkeit•- resourceful- resourcefully
- resourcefulness* * *re·source[rɪˈzɔ:s, AM ˈri:sɔ:rs]I. n2. (source of supply)▪ \resources pl Ressourcen plenergy \resources Energieressourcen plnatural \resources Bodenschätze pl3. (wealth)▪ \resources pl [finanzielle] Mittelthe cost of the new project is easily within our \resources die Kosten für das neue Projekt liegen durchaus im Rahmen unserer finanziellen MöglichkeitenII. vt* * *[rɪ'sɔːs]1.resources in men and materials — Reserven pl an Menschen und Material
he has no inner resources — er weiß sich (dat)
he has no resources against boredom — er weiß sich (dat) gegen Langeweile nicht zu helfen
left to his own resources — sich (dat) selbst überlassen
2) (= expedient) Ausweg m, Mittel ntas a last resource — als letzter Ausweg
you are my last resource — du bist meine letzte Rettung
2. vt (Brit)project mit den nötigen Mitteln or Ressourcen versorgen, finanzieren; (with personnel) personell ausstatten* * *1. Hilfsquelle f, -mittel n2. pla) Naturreichtümer pl, Hilfsquellen pl, Bodenschätze pl (eines Landes)b) (Geld)Mittel pl3. WIRTSCH US Aktiva pl4. Mittel n, Zuflucht f:as a last resource als letztes Mittel, als letzter Ausweg;be left to one’s own resources sich selbst überlassen bleiben;without resource hoffnungs-, rettungslos5. Findigkeit f, Wendigkeit f, Talent n:he is full of resource er weiß sich immer zu helfen* * *nounfinancial/mineral resources — Geldmittel Pl./Bodenschätze Pl.
3) (expedient) Ausweg, derbe left to one's own resources — sich (Dat.) selbst überlassen sein; see also throw 1. 2)
* * *n.Betriebsmittel n.Bodenschatz m.Hilfsmittel n.Hilfsquelle f.Ressource f. -
10 richesse
richesse [ʀi∫εs]1. feminine nouna. [de pays, personne] wealth• notre ferme, c'est notre seule richesse this farm is all we haveb. [d'aliment, collection, sol, texte, vocabulaire, végétation] richness2. plural feminine noun* * *ʀiʃɛs
1.
1) (de personne, pays) wealth2) ( de bijoux) magnificence; (d'étoffe, de vêtement) richness; (de mobilier, demeure) sumptuousness3) ( teneur) richness (en in)4) (de faune, vocabulaire, collection) richness; ( de documentation) wealth
2.
richesses nom féminin pluriel1) ( biens matériels) wealth [U]2) ( objets de grande valeur) treasures3) ( ressources) resources* * *ʀiʃɛs1. nf1) [personne, pays] wealth2) [aliment, sol] richness2. richesses nfplwealth sg, [littérature, langue] treasures* * *A nf1 (de personne, pays) wealth; être une source de richesse pour to be a source of wealth for; notre principale richesse our main source of wealth; faire la richesse d'un pays/d'une ville [activité, pétrole] to bring wealth to a country/a town; étaler sa richesse to flaunt one's wealth; vivre dans la richesse to live in (the lap of) luxury; richesse nationale national wealth; ce lopin de terre c'est toute notre richesse this plot of land is all we have;2 (luxe, somptuosité) ( de bijoux) magnificence; (d'étoffe, de vêtement) richness; (de mobilier, demeure) sumptuousness; décoration d'une trop grande richesse over-elaborate decoration;3 ( teneur) richness (en in); la richesse d'un aliment en sucre the sugar content of a food ; la trop grande richesse d'un aliment en sel a food's excessive salt content;4 ( abondance) (de végétation, faune, vocabulaire, collection) richness; ( de documentation) wealth.B richesses nfpl2 ( objets de grande valeur) treasures; les richesses d'un musée the treasures of a museum;3 ( ressources) resources; richesses naturelles natural resources.[riʃɛs] nom féminin1. [fortune - d'une personne] wealth ; [ - d'une région, d'une nation] wealth, affluence, prosperity4. [complexité - du vocabulaire, de la langue] richness ; [ - de l'imagination] creativeness, inventiveness————————richesses nom féminin pluriel[ressources] resourcesrichesses minières/naturelles mining/natural resources -
11 богатство богатств·о
1) (совокупность материальных ценностей) wealth, resourcesморские богатства — marine wealth, wealth of the sea
природные богатства — natural wealth / resources
2) (обилие, изобилие) wealthдуховное богатство — intellectual wealth; spiritual richness
общественное богатство — public wealth, wealth of society
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > богатство богатств·о
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12 tap
n. 1. (also esp US faucet) гоожуур/ цоргоны бөглөө. He left the \tap running. Тэр, усны цорго хаалгүй орхижээ. Could you turn the hot \tap off, please? Халуун усны цоргыг хаагаад өгнө үү? hot and cold \taps халуун/ хүйтэн усны цоргоны хаалт. turn the \tap on/ off цоргоны хаалт нээх/ хаах. Don't leave the \taps running. Цоргоны хаалт онгорхой бүү орхиж бай. 2. хүний утасны яриаг сэм сонсох/ чагнах нууц хэрэгсэл. put a \tap on sb's phone хүний утсанд нууцаар сонсох хэрэгсэл тавих. 3. аяархан цохих, тогших, тонших. I felt a \tap on my shoulder. Нэг хүн миний далан дээр аяархан алгадав. on tap 1. татуурган бөглөөтэй/ таглаатай (лааз/ төмөр бортого). 2. хэрэгтэй үед бэлэн байх. We have all the information we need on \tap. Бидэнд хэрэгтэй бүх мэдээлэл гарын дор байгаа. have a supply of reliable workers on \tap хэдийд ч ажиллуулах итгэлтэй ажилчидтай байх. v. (-pp-) 1. аяархан/ зөөлөн цохих, тогших, тонших. I tapped on the window to announce my arrival. Би ирснээ мэдэгдэх гэж цонх аяархан тогшив. 2. нөөцөөс авах/ хэрэглэх. The country's mineral wealth has never really been tapped. Улс орны эрдсийн баялаг ёс хөндөгдөөгүй байсан юм. 3. хүний яриа чагнах телефон утасны залгалт хийх/ тавих. The phones of foreign diplomats have been tapped. Гадаадын дипломатуудын утсыг нууцаар чагнадаг байжээ. 4. ургаа модны холтсыг зүсч шүүс гаргаж авах. tap-dance n. тусгай гутал өмсч нарийн хөг айзмаар хийдэг товшуур бүжиг. -
13 account for
transitive verb1) (give reckoning) Rechenschaft od. Rechnung ablegen über (+ Akk.)2) (explain) erklären3) (represent in amount) ausmachen; ergeben* * ** * *vi +prep objhe wasn't able to account for the missing money — er konnte den Verbleib des fehlenden Geldes nicht erklären
all the children were/all the money was accounted for — der Verbleib aller Kinder/des (ganzen) Geldes war bekannt, man wusste, wo die Kinder alle waren/wo das Geld (geblieben) war
2) (= be the source of) der Grund sein fürthis area accounts for most of the country's mineral wealth — aus dieser Gegend stammen die meisten Bodenschätze des Landes
this area alone accounts for some 25% of the population — diese Gegend allein macht etwa 25% der Bevölkerung aus
3) (= be the cause of defeat, destruction etc of) zur Strecke bringen; (illness) dahinraffen; chances zunichtemachenProctor accounted for five Australian batsmen — Proctor hat fünf australische Schlagmänner ausgeschlagen
* * *transitive verb1) (give reckoning) Rechenschaft od. Rechnung ablegen über (+ Akk.)2) (explain) erklären3) (represent in amount) ausmachen; ergeben* * *v.Rechenschaft ablegen über ausdr.abrechnen (Spesen) v.ausmachen v.betragen v.erklären v.nachweisen v. -
14 riqueza
f.1 wealth (fortuna).2 richness (abundancia).3 abundance, plenty.* * *1 (cualidad) richness, wealthiness1 (abundancia) wealth sing, riches* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=bienes) wealth2) (=abundancia) richnesssu enorme riqueza espiritual — his enormous spiritual wealth o richness of spirit
tiene una gran riqueza de vocabulario — she has a very extensive o rich vocabulary
3) (=fertilidad) richness* * *1)a) ( bienes) wealthb) ( recursos)2) (variedad, abundancia) richness* * *= richness, fortune, treasure, riches.Ex. In 1972 Hans Wellisch discussed the inadequacy of LC's subject cataloging and the failure of LC to rectify this inadequacy by taking full advantage of the richness of the MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) format.Ex. Robert Watt was thoroughly bitten by the bibliography bug and although he bequeathed an important piece of work to posterity, he and his surviving family can hardly be said to have enjoyed good fortune from it.Ex. There were no injuries but the archive and the treasures housed in its 700 linear feet of acid-free boxes were severely damaged.Ex. This paper describes pilot projects to share LC's riches nationwide.----* dar riqueza a = add + richness to.* de la pobreza a la riqueza = from rags to riches.* la riqueza de = the wealth of.* riquezas = wealth, riches.* * *1)a) ( bienes) wealthb) ( recursos)2) (variedad, abundancia) richness* * *= richness, fortune, treasure, riches.Ex: In 1972 Hans Wellisch discussed the inadequacy of LC's subject cataloging and the failure of LC to rectify this inadequacy by taking full advantage of the richness of the MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) format.
Ex: Robert Watt was thoroughly bitten by the bibliography bug and although he bequeathed an important piece of work to posterity, he and his surviving family can hardly be said to have enjoyed good fortune from it.Ex: There were no injuries but the archive and the treasures housed in its 700 linear feet of acid-free boxes were severely damaged.Ex: This paper describes pilot projects to share LC's riches nationwide.* dar riqueza a = add + richness to.* de la pobreza a la riqueza = from rags to riches.* la riqueza de = the wealth of.* riquezas = wealth, riches.* * *A1 (bienes) wealthrepartió sus riquezas entre los pobres he distributed his wealth o his riches o his fortune amongst the poortiene una enorme riqueza en joyas he has a vast fortune in jewelsla mala distribución de la riqueza the uneven distribution of wealthni toda la riqueza del mundo podría comprarlo all the riches in the world could not buy itlas riquezas del museo arqueológico the treasures of the archaeological museum2(recursos): la explotación de las riquezas del suelo the exploitation of the earth's richeslas riquezas naturales de un país a country's natural resourcesB (variedad, abundancia) richnessla riqueza de la vegetación the richness of the vegetationla riqueza de su vocabulario the richness of her vocabulary* * *
riqueza sustantivo femenino
b) ( recursos):
las riquezas naturales de un país a country's natural resources
riqueza sustantivo femenino
1 (caudal, bienes) wealth
2 (suntuosidad, concentración) richness
' riqueza' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abundancia
- correlación
- ostentación
- capital
- caudal
- despliegue
- fortuna
- sed
English:
richness
- untold
- wealth
* * *riqueza nf1. [fortuna] wealth;la redistribución de la riqueza the redistribution of wealth3. [abundancia] richness;una región de gran riqueza minera a region rich in mineral resources;tiene gran riqueza de vocabulario she has a very rich vocabulary;un alimento con gran riqueza vitamínica a food rich in vitamins;la riqueza de la decoración llamaba la atención the lavish décor was striking* * *f wealth* * *riqueza nf1) : wealth, riches pl2) : richness3)riquezas naturales : natural resources* * * -
15 ricchezza
f wealth* * *ricchezza s.f.1 wealth [U]; riches (pl.): ricchezza nazionale, national wealth; esibizione di ricchezza, display of wealth; tutte le mie ricchezze sono investite all'estero, all my wealth is (o all my riches are) invested abroad; essere avido di ricchezza, to be greedy for wealth; un uomo di eccezionale ricchezza, an exceptionally wealthy man; accumulare ricchezze, to accumulate wealth; ricchezza sociale, national capital // una grande ricchezza interiore, a great inner richness2 ( abbondanza) abundance; richness, wealth; ricchezza di idee, parole, esempi, wealth of ideas, words, examples; questo paese ha ricchezza d'acqua, this country has plenty (o an abundance) of water; la ricchezza del sottosuolo, the richness (o wealth) of the subsoil; ricchezza di materie prime, wealth of raw materials; le ricchezze minerarie del Sudafrica, the mineral resources of South Africa3 ( patrimonio) patrimony, treasure: le ricchezze artistiche dell'Italia, the artistic treasures of Italy.* * *[rik'kettsa] 1.sostantivo femminile1) wealth, richness, affluence, wealthiness2) (abbondanza) richness2.sostantivo femminile plurale ricchezze* * *ricchezza/rik'kettsa/I sostantivo f.1 wealth, richness, affluence, wealthiness; fonte di ricchezza source of wealth2 (abbondanza) richnessII ricchezze f.pl.accumulare -e to accumulate wealth; le -e artistiche dell'Italia Italy's artistic treasures. -
16 right
In1) право; привилегия- confer on smb. special rights- give a state the right to perform certain acts on the territory of another state- prejudice smb.'s rights- reserve the right to do smth.- reserve to oneself the right to do smth.2) правильность, справедливость3) обыкн. pl действительные факты, истинное положение вещей•IIправая партия, правые, консерваторыправый, реакционный -
17 Empire, Portuguese overseas
(1415-1975)Portugal was the first Western European state to establish an early modern overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean and perhaps the last colonial power to decolonize. A vast subject of complexity that is full of myth as well as debatable theories, the history of the Portuguese overseas empire involves the story of more than one empire, the question of imperial motives, the nature of Portuguese rule, and the results and consequences of empire, including the impact on subject peoples as well as on the mother country and its society, Here, only the briefest account of a few such issues can be attempted.There were various empires or phases of empire after the capture of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415. There were at least three Portuguese empires in history: the First empire (1415-1580), the Second empire (1580-1640 and 1640-1822), and the Third empire (1822-1975).With regard to the second empire, the so-called Phillipine period (1580-1640), when Portugal's empire was under Spanish domination, could almost be counted as a separate era. During that period, Portugal lost important parts of its Asian holdings to England and also sections of its colonies of Brazil, Angola, and West Africa to Holland's conquests. These various empires could be characterized by the geography of where Lisbon invested its greatest efforts and resources to develop territories and ward off enemies.The first empire (1415-1580) had two phases. First came the African coastal phase (1415-97), when the Portuguese sought a foothold in various Moroccan cities but then explored the African coast from Morocco to past the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. While colonization and sugar farming were pursued in the Atlantic islands, as well as in the islands in the Gulf of Guinea like São Tomé and Príncipe, for the most part the Portuguese strategy was to avoid commitments to defending or peopling lands on the African continent. Rather, Lisbon sought a seaborne trade empire, in which the Portuguese could profit from exploiting trade and resources (such as gold) along the coasts and continue exploring southward to seek a sea route to Portuguese India. The second phase of the first empire (1498-1580) began with the discovery of the sea route to Asia, thanks to Vasco da Gama's first voyage in 1497-99, and the capture of strong points, ports, and trading posts in order to enforce a trade monopoly between Asia and Europe. This Asian phase produced the greatest revenues of empire Portugal had garnered, yet ended when Spain conquered Portugal and commanded her empire as of 1580.Portugal's second overseas empire began with Spanish domination and ran to 1822, when Brazil won her independence from Portugal. This phase was characterized largely by Brazilian dominance of imperial commitment, wealth in minerals and other raw materials from Brazil, and the loss of a significant portion of her African and Asian coastal empire to Holland and Great Britain. A sketch of Portugal's imperial losses either to native rebellions or to imperial rivals like Britain and Holland follows:• Morocco (North Africa) (sample only)Arzila—Taken in 1471; evacuated in 1550s; lost to Spain in 1580, which returned city to a sultan.Ceuta—Taken in 1415; lost to Spain in 1640 (loss confirmed in 1668 treaty with Spain).• Tangiers—Taken in 15th century; handed over to England in 1661 as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry to King Charles II.• West Africa• Fort/Castle of São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (in what is now Ghana)—Taken in 1480s; lost to Holland in 1630s.• Middle EastSocotra-isle—Conquered in 1507; fort abandoned in 1511; used as water resupply stop for India fleet.Muscat—Conquered in 1501; lost to Persians in 1650.Ormuz—Taken, 1505-15 under Albuquerque; lost to England, which gave it to Persia in the 17th century.Aden (entry to Red Sea) — Unsuccessfully attacked by Portugal (1513-30); taken by Turks in 1538.• India• Ceylon (Sri Lanka)—Taken by 1516; lost to Dutch after 1600.• Bombay—Taken in 16th century; given to England in 1661 treaty as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry for Charles II.• East Indies• Moluccas—Taken by 1520; possession confirmed in 1529 Saragossa treaty with Spain; lost to Dutch after 1600; only East Timor remaining.After the restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain in 1640, Portugal proceeded to revive and strengthen the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, with international aid to fight off further Spanish threats to Portugal and drive the Dutch invaders out of Brazil and Angola. While Portugal lost its foothold in West Africa at Mina to the Dutch, dominion in Angola was consolidated. The most vital part of the imperial economy was a triangular trade: slaves from West Africa and from the coasts of Congo and Angola were shipped to plantations in Brazil; raw materials (sugar, tobacco, gold, diamonds, dyes) were sent to Lisbon; Lisbon shipped Brazil colonists and hardware. Part of Portugal's War of Restoration against Spain (1640-68) and its reclaiming of Brazil and Angola from Dutch intrusions was financed by the New Christians (Jews converted to Christianity after the 1496 Manueline order of expulsion of Jews) who lived in Portugal, Holland and other low countries, France, and Brazil. If the first empire was mainly an African coastal and Asian empire, the second empire was primarily a Brazilian empire.Portugal's third overseas empire began upon the traumatic independence of Brazil, the keystone of the Lusitanian enterprise, in 1822. The loss of Brazil greatly weakened Portugal both as a European power and as an imperial state, for the scattered remainder of largely coastal, poor, and uncolonized territories that stretched from the bulge of West Africa to East Timor in the East Indies and Macau in south China were more of a financial liability than an asset. Only two small territories balanced their budgets occasionally or made profits: the cocoa islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea and tiny Macau, which lost much of its advantage as an entrepot between the West and the East when the British annexed neighboring Hong Kong in 1842. The others were largely burdens on the treasury. The African colonies were strapped by a chronic economic problem: at a time when the slave trade and then slavery were being abolished under pressures from Britain and other Western powers, the economies of Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé/Príncipe, Angola, and Mozambique were totally dependent on revenues from the slave trade and slavery. During the course of the 19th century, Lisbon began a program to reform colonial administration in a newly rejuvenated African empire, where most of the imperial efforts were expended, by means of replacing the slave trade and slavery, with legitimate economic activities.Portugal participated in its own early version of the "Scramble" for Africa's interior during 1850-69, but discovered that the costs of imperial expansion were too high to allow effective occupation of the hinterlands. After 1875, Portugal participated in the international "Scramble for Africa" and consolidated its holdings in west and southern Africa, despite the failure of the contra-costa (to the opposite coast) plan, which sought to link up the interiors of Angola and Mozambique with a corridor in central Africa. Portugal's expansion into what is now Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (eastern section) in 1885-90 was thwarted by its oldest ally, Britain, under pressure from interest groups in South Africa, Scotland, and England. All things considered, Portugal's colonizing resources and energies were overwhelmed by the African empire it possessed after the frontier-marking treaties of 1891-1906. Lisbon could barely administer the massive area of five African colonies, whose total area comprised about 8 percent of the area of the colossal continent. The African territories alone were many times the size of tiny Portugal and, as of 1914, Portugal was the third colonial power in terms of size of area possessed in the world.The politics of Portugal's empire were deceptive. Lisbon remained obsessed with the fear that rival colonial powers, especially Germany and Britain, would undermine and then dismantle her African empire. This fear endured well into World War II. In developing and keeping her potentially rich African territories (especially mineral-rich Angola and strategically located Mozambique), however, the race against time was with herself and her subject peoples. Two major problems, both chronic, prevented Portugal from effective colonization (i.e., settling) and development of her African empire: the economic weakness and underdevelopment of the mother country and the fact that the bulk of Portuguese emigration after 1822 went to Brazil, Venezuela, the United States, and France, not to the colonies. These factors made it difficult to consolidate imperial control until it was too late; that is, until local African nationalist movements had organized and taken the field in insurgency wars that began in three of the colonies during the years 1961-64.Portugal's belated effort to revitalize control and to develop, in the truest sense of the word, Angola and Mozambique after 1961 had to be set against contemporary events in Europe, Africa, and Asia. While Portugal held on to a backward empire, other European countries like Britain, France, and Belgium were rapidly decolonizing their empires. Portugal's failure or unwillingness to divert the large streams of emigrants to her empire after 1850 remained a constant factor in this question. Prophetic were the words of the 19th-century economist Joaquim Oliveira Martins, who wrote in 1880 that Brazil was a better colony for Portugal than Africa and that the best colony of all would have been Portugal itself. As of the day of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which sparked the final process of decolonization of the remainder of Portugal's third overseas empire, the results of the colonization program could be seen to be modest compared to the numbers of Portuguese emigrants outside the empire. Moreover, within a year, of some 600,000 Portuguese residing permanently in Angola and Mozambique, all but a few thousand had fled to South Africa or returned to Portugal.In 1974 and 1975, most of the Portuguese empire was decolonized or, in the case of East Timor, invaded and annexed by a foreign power before it could consolidate its independence. Only historic Macau, scheduled for transfer to the People's Republic of China in 1999, remained nominally under Portuguese control as a kind of footnote to imperial history. If Portugal now lacked a conventional overseas empire and was occupied with the challenges of integration in the European Union (EU), Lisbon retained another sort of informal dependency that was a new kind of empire: the empire of her scattered overseas Portuguese communities from North America to South America. Their numbers were at least six times greater than that of the last settlers of the third empire.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Empire, Portuguese overseas
См. также в других словарях:
wealth — [welθ] noun [uncountable] a large amount of money or valuable possessions: • Colombia s economy needn t rely solely on its mineral wealth. • The legislation is designed to give American firms the ability to generate wealth from overseas… … Financial and business terms
wealth — noun 1 money, property, etc. ADJECTIVE ▪ considerable, enormous, fabulous, great, immense, incredible, tremendous, unimaginable, unprecedented, untold … Collocations dictionary
wealth — n. abundance of material possessions 1) to accumulate, acquire, amass, attain wealth 2) to dissipate, squander wealth 3) to flaunt one s wealth 4) fabulous, untold; hereditary wealth abundance of resources 5) mineral; natural wealth (the natural… … Combinatory dictionary
Mineral industry of Azerbaijan — As of 2005, Azerbaijan produced a range of metals and industrial minerals, including alumina, aluminum, lead, steel, and zinc. Azerbaijan s importance as a world mineral producer, however, was based on its petroleum extracting industry. The… … Wikipedia
Mineral industry of Colombia — Monument to the miners. Segovia, Antioquia Mining in … Wikipedia
Black Country — The Black Country is a loosely defined area of the English West Midlands conurbation, to the north and west of Birmingham, and to the south and east of Wolverhampton, around the South Staffordshire coalfield. It has a combined population of… … Wikipedia
List of minimum wages by country — The list below gives the official minimum wage rates in 197 countries and territories: 192 United Nations member states (does not include South Sudan, which gained independence in July 2011), plus the Republic of China (Taiwan), Northern Cyprus,… … Wikipedia
Banat — The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in Romania (the counties of Timiş, Caraş Severin, Arad south of the Mures/Maros river, and Mehedinţi), the… … Wikipedia
Anatolia — /an euh toh lee euh/, n. a vast plateau between the Black and the Mediterranean seas: in ancient usage, synonymous with the peninsula of Asia Minor; in modern usage, applied to Turkey in Asia. Cf. Asia Minor. * * * or Asia Minor Turkish Anadolu… … Universalium
Flag of Ghana — Infobox flag Name = Ghana Use = 111011 Proportion = 2:3 Adoption = 1957(readopted 1966) Design = Horizontal tricolour of red, gold, and green, charged with a black five pointed star in the center of the middle stripe Designer = Theodosia Okoh… … Wikipedia
History of Bavaria — The history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and its formation as a stem duchy in the 6th century through its inclusion in the Holy Roman Empires to its status as an independent kingdom and, finally, as a large and significant… … Wikipedia